Local Government: World and Ukrainian Experience By A.Tkachuk, 1997 

Available in Ukrainian only, only HARD COPY Available

Table of Contents

Introduction....3

Section 1 Local Government in Global Context

Chapter 1 . Main Types of Local Government....8

1. 1. Western Europe....9

1.1. Sweden....10

1.2. Germany....11

1.3. Spain....13

1.4. France....14

1.5. Britain....16

1. 2. Eastern Europe....17

2.1. Poland....18

2.2. Hungary....19

1. 3. United States....21

Chapter 2. European Charter for Local Government....22

1. History of Issue....22
2. General Provisions....23

Section II. Six Key Issues with Local Government ....

1. Intergovernmental Relations....27
2. Structure and Policy....28
3. Financing of Local Government....32

8.1.    Taxes at the Local Level....33

8.2.    Most Common Types of Local Taxes....37

1. Government Service Functions....39

9.1.    Jurisdiction of Regional and Municipal Councils....41

1. 10 Conflict Resolution Methods Between Governments....45
2. Regulatory Authority of Municipal Government....46

Section III. Different Countries – Different Systems. Democracy in General.

1. 12. United States....50

12.1.History of Municipal Government....51

12.2.Constitutional and Legal Norms....53

12.3.Basic Structure....54

12.4.Internal Organization....55

12.5.Relations Between Various Levels of Government....57

12.6.Local Services....59

12.7.Finances of Local Government Agencies....59

1. 13. France........60

13.1.Constitutional Foundation of Local Self Government in France....60

13.2.Legislation on Local Government....61

13.3.Communes as the Basis of Local Government Level....64

13.4.Municipal Regions....68

13.5.Department....68

13.6.Government Representation at the Local Level....70

13.7.District....71

13.8.Control of Legality of Decisions at the District Level....73

13.9.Special Status of Particular Cities....74

13.10. United Communes and their Associations....75

1. 14. Sweden....77

14.1.Historic Overview....77

14.2.Structure of Government in Sweden....83

14.3.Types of Local Governments....85

14.4.Constitutional and Legislative Basis of Local Government....85

14.5.Authority of Local Governments....86

14.6.Representative and Executive Bodies....87

14.7.Oversight and Control....88

14.8.Financing of Local Government ....90

14.9.Local Taxes....92

14.10. Government Subsidies....92

14.11. System for Aligning Revenues....94

1. 15. Spain........96

15.1.Local Government Before the Transition....98

15.2.Basis for Autonomy....101

15.3.Joint Support of Authority and Inter-Level Relations....105

1. 16. Federal Republic of Germany....112

16.1.Constitutional Foundation of Local Government....112

16.2.Community Authority....113

16.3.Land Laws in Local Government....114

16.4.Authority and Work of Representative Body....120

16.5.Local Statutes....121

16.6.Local Executive Body....122

16.7.Oversight and Control....123

16.8.Finances and Budget....124

16.9.Adjusting Financial Resources ....127

Section IV. Local Government in Ukraine. The Long Path to Democracy.

1. 17. Historical Information....128

17.1.Legislation on Local Government Bodies 1968 – 1995 ....133

17.2.Structure of Government in Ukraine 1990 – 1996....133

17.3.Local Government in the Constitutional Process....141

1. 18. Legislative Basis of Local Government Through the Lens of Constitutional Norms....151

18.1.Two Approaches to New Legislation....152

18.2.Local Budgets ....158

18.3.Draft Bill on Local Government in Ukraine – Conciliation Committee Version....161

1. 19. New Legislation on Local Government and Potential Outcomes for Consolidating Local Democracy ....164

19.1.Self Government Law of April 24, 1997....165

19.2.Presidential Veto on the Local Government Law and Impact of Its Consideration....170

1. 20. Law in its Infancy?....174

Appendix 1.

Literature........178

Appendix 2

List of Laws Governing Activities of Local Government in Ukraine in the Latest Period (1968 – 1997)........180....